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leopard whipray
The leopard whipray (''Himantura leoparda'') is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from South Africa to Australia. It is found close to shore at depths shallower than , over soft substrates. Attaining a width of , this species has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc with a pointed snout and an extremely long, whip-like tail without fin folds. Adult rays have a leopard-like dorsal pattern of dark brown rings on a yellowish brown background, as well as a row of enlarged, heart-shaped dermal denticles along the midline of the disc. Newborns and small juveniles have large, solid dark spots and few denticles. The leopard whipray is caught by fisheries in many parts of its range, primarily for meat.
==Taxonomy==
Historically, the leopard stingray has been conflated with the reticulate whipray (''H. uarnak'') or the honeycomb whipray (''H. undulata'' or its synonym, ''H. fava'') in literature; all three are closely similar in size, shape, and coloration. It was described as a distinct species by Peter Last and Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto in a 2008 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO publication, and given the specific epithet ''leoparda'' in reference to its coloration. The type specimen is a female across, collected from the Gulf of Carpentaria northwest of Weipa, Queensland. Another common name for this species is the undulate whipray. It belongs to a larger 'uarnak' species complex that also contains ''H. astra'', ''H. fai'', ''H. gerrardi'', ''H. jenkinsii'', ''H. toshi'', ''H. uarnak'', and ''H. undulata''.〔 While confirming the distinction of ''H. uarnak'' and ''H. undulata'', genetic evidence has revealed two clades within ''H. leoparda'' as presently defined, suggesting that there are two sympatric species. Earlier studies of ''H. leoparda'' have shown that there are two morphs: A normal with leopard-like spots and another with smaller spots. At present it is unclear if these match the two clades.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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